William Shakespeare Essays (50366 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers

William Shakespeare Essays (50366 words) - Free Essays, Term Papers William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (sanctified through water 26 April 1564 - 23 April 1616)[a] was an English artist and dramatist, broadly viewed as the best essayist in the English language and the world's pre-famous screenwriter. He is regularly called Britain's national artist and the Minstrel of Avon (or essentially The Bard). His enduring works comprise of 38 plays 154 pieces, two long account sonnets, furthermore, a few different sonnets. His plays have been converted into each major living language, and are performed more regularly than those of some other dramatist. Shakespeare delivered the greater part of his known work somewhere in the range of 1590 and 1613. His early plays were fundamentally comedies and accounts, kinds he raised to the pinnacle of advancement and aestheticness before the finish of the sixteenth century. Next he composed predominantly disasters until around 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, thought about probably the best models in the English language. In his last stage, he composed tragicomedies, otherwise called sentiments, and teamed up with different writers. Researchers have regularly noted four periods in Shakespeare's composition vocation. Until the mid-1590s, he composed chiefly comedies impacted by Roman what's more, Italian models and history plays in the mainstream annal convention. His subsequent period started in around 1595 with the catastrophe Romeo and Juliet and finished with the deplorability of Julius Caesar in 1599. During this time, he composed what are viewed as his most noteworthy comedies and narratives. From around 1600 to around 1608, his heartbreaking period, Shakespeare composed generally catastrophes, and from around 1608 to 1613, for the most part tragicomedies, likewise called sentiments. Shakespeare's initial old style and Italianate comedies, containing tight twofold plots and exact comic arrangements, give route in the mid-1590s to the sentimental climate of his most noteworthy comedies. A Midsummer Night's Dream is a clever blend of sentiment, pixie enchantment, and comic miscreant scenes.. His characters become increasingly perplexing and delicate as he switches deftly among funny and genuine scenes, writing and verse, and accomplishes the story assortment of his develop work. This period starts and finishes with two catastrophes: Romeo and Juliet, the renowned sentimental disaster of explicitly charged immaturity, love, and demise; and Julius Caesar. Shakespeare's purported appalling period kept going from around 1600 to 1608, however he likewise composed the alleged issue plays Measure for Measure, Troilus and Cressida, and All's Well That Ends Well during this time and had composed disasters previously. Numerous pundits accept that Shakespeare's most prominent disasters speak to the pinnacle of his specialty. The saint of the main, Hamlet, has most likely been more talked about than some other Shakespearean character, particularly for his acclaimed monologue To be or not to be; that is the issue. Unlike the independent Hamlet, whose lethal blemish is dithering, the legends of the disasters that followed, Othello and Ruler Lear, are fixed by rushed blunders of judgment. The plots of Shakespeare's disasters regularly depend on such lethal blunders or imperfections, which upset request and decimate the legend and those he adores. In Macbeth, the briefest and generally packed of Shakespeare's catastrophes wild aspiration induces Macbeth and his significant other, Lady Macbeth, to kill the legitimate lord and usurp the seat, until their own blame crushes them thus. Shakespeare's pieces, or essentially The Sonnets, is an assortment of sonnets in piece structure composed by William Shakespeare that manage such subjects as love, magnificence, legislative issues, and mortality. They were presumably composed over a time of quite a while. Each of the 154 sonnets showed up in a 1609 assortment, entitled SHAKE-SPEARES SONNETS, containing 152 beforehand unpublished poems and two (numbers 138 and 144) that had recently been distributed in a 1599 randomness entitled The Passionate Pilgrim. The initial 17 poems are kept in touch with a youngster, asking him to wed what's more, have kids subsequently going down his excellence to the people to come. These are known as the multiplication pieces. The vast majority of them, in any case, 18-126, are routed to a youngster communicating the artist's adoration for him. Works 127-152 are kept in touch with the writer's escort communicating his adoration for her. The last two pieces, 153-154, are figurative. The last thirty or so works are expounded on various issues, for example, the youngster's betrayal with the writer's courtesan, self-goals to control his own desire, ambushed analysis of the world, and so forth. Romeo and Juliet is an early disaster by William Shakespeare around two high school star-cross'd sweethearts whose inconvenient passings at last join together their quarreling family units. The play has been profoundly lauded by scholarly pundits for its language and sensational impact. It was among Shakespeare's most famous plays during his lifetime and, alongside Hamlet, is one of his most much of the time performed plays. Its impact is still observed

Relative Truth Essays (727 words) - Epistemology, Truth,

Relative Truth One variant of relative truth is utilized when individuals oppose this idea. An individual may state Well, that might be valid for you, however its not valid for me. The suggestion here is regularly that there is no genuine truth to the issue however is rather an issue just of conviction. You accept what you need to accept and I'll accept what I need to accept and we should go on our cheerful way. You can perceive what a shelter to self-misdirection a component like this could be. You can think anything and nobody would reserve the option to reveal to you that you can't reasonably trust it. Thus, one can detach oneself and one's convictions from the basic assessment of others, since what moreover abandons saying in this system of relative truth, is that nobody other than yourself can stop for a minute is valid for you. The nearest another could come is state something like It's valid for me that it's not valid for you. This is never really done in the 'valid for me' game. In any case, on the off chance that it were, at that point since all that the other would communicate is what is valid for them, despite the fact that your convictions are the subject of their 'truth', there sentiment has no genuine significance (but to them). It is just obvious in their reality which is blocked off to you. You can excuse it and overlook it. We can see that by this view valid for me just implies that I trust it. The word 'valid' is in there to give the conviction its own authenticity. You may ask: What does 'I trust it' mean?. There doesn't appear to be any method of noting this without saying I trust it to be TRUE. Thus we see that for it to mean anything to have an accept, we should as of now assume that there is a real truth or deception to the issue that is the subject of the conviction. This is something else denied by the relativists. He regularly says, there is no genuine truth, just what is 'valid for me'. Maybe the relativist by the simple demonstration of thinking something can make it valid in his/her existence. Also, this proposes everybody has an alternate reality. Obviously, we as a whole have an alternate idea of the real world, however, there is just a single reality. In this manner, the disarray that the relativist makes among conviction and truth is reflected in a disarray between idea of the real world and reality. In the event that everybody truly makes their own existence, at that point you are distant from everyone else in your reality and every other person is your engaging fiction. You are a solipsist, the main genuine individual on the planet. Presently this is genuine detachment. Be that as it may, any individual who attempts to consider this in a genuine way, doesn't generally trust it. We know, for occurrence, that a conviction can not be right. In the event that a conviction can not be right, it is on the grounds that there is a reality out there that the conviction clashes with. In the event that convictions would never not be right, there would be no motivation to ever change a conviction, except if it turned out to be certain that something different would be a more joyful thing to accept. Thus, most relativists don't accept that 'all reality is relative' yet rather that there are some relative certainties, particularly in those regions where individuals contend the most: Politics, religion, morals. Be that as it may, the reasons given above would even now apply but to a littler space of talk. Thus we can see that if there were any region where reality of something was simply an issue of accepting that something, at that point the authenticity of that conviction is faulty as lucid. On the off chance that you think it is cognizant, at that point give spelling a shot its significance is valid for me and have a go at clarifying what data is passed on by an 'it is valid for me' attestation. One may feel that it signifies 'I trust it. Yet, what sense does it make to 'trust it' except if you 'trust it is truly obvious'? In this manner to hold a conviction at all requires the presupposition that there is truth, in any case the conviction would be nothing. On the off chance that all fact were relative, at that point language would be useless when endeavoring to pass on data, for that data would just be about your world wherein I have no entrance. However, regardless of whether just certain regions were the space of relative truth, at that point asserts in those territories would convey no data, and would be the

Word of the Week! Vestigial Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Vestigial Richmond Writing Dr. Joe Hoyle in our Business School came to the rescue again today, with a word that I associate with tail, for some bizarre neuron-event that burned the image into my head, perhaps when reading Philip K. Dicks science fiction or during a daydreaming session in a high-school Biology class. Yes, we humans have the last remnant of a tail at the tips of our spines. That final bone is our coccyx. The OED, as usual, gives more nuance here; something vestigial is not merely a remnant but one that survives in degenerate, atrophied, or imperfect condition or form.   That string of adjectives says it all. If some island were the last vestige of a sunken continent, then it becomes vestigial. Though of Latin origin, the usage proves recent; the OED does not date our word before the mid-19th Century. Our bodies are full of vestigial organs and other features, no longer needed as humans evolved: the appendix, our wisdom teeth, and more as detailed in this piece about vestigiality. Writers beware of one issue: some Google searches for synonyms turned up immature or unformed. The latter might work, for something like the coccyx. But the former word implies that the subject might mature one day. Though not all eggs become chicks and chickens, neither egg nor chick is a vestigial chicken. An eggshell, however, is the last vestige of an egg. Please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. image of appendix courtesy of  Wikipedia Commons.

Essay on Media Violence Does NOT Cause Violent Behavior

In fairy tales, children are pushed into ovens, have their hands chopped off, are forced to sleep in coal bins, and must contend with wolves whove eaten their grandmother. In myths, rape, incest, all manner of gruesome bloodshed, child abandonment, and total debauchery are standard fare. We see more of the same in Bible stories, accentuated with dire predictions of terrors and abominations in an end of the world apocalypse that is more horrifying than the human imagination can even grasp. For the most part, these images of violence, promiscuity and human degradation are explained away by psychologists, mythologists, sociologists, philosophers, and non-fundamentalist theologians as symbolic manifestations of the human psyche. This is†¦show more content†¦And our stories seem to assist that flow. If we stipulate then that, to some degree, violence in our folk, fairy tale, mythic and biblical traditions is a good and natural reflection of our psyches connection to the interior realms of our unconscious, then why are we so adamantly convinced in our culture that violence and sexuality in modern film and television is sending us all to hell in a hand basket? Story has been around since humans first began to grunt, and it would be hard to imagine that even the most primitive mind didnt have some degree of innate understanding of the metaphorical and allegorical qualities of story. Why then do we assume that the adolescent, American male, living in the 21st Century B.C.E., cant make this mystical leap of judgment as well? Indeed, some of our cinematic images of brutality, savagery, and gore are disturbingly psychotic and totally gratuitous in their usage; but are they representative of something other than shadow? Or is it just that this shadow is out of the managerial range of parents, teachers and clergy? Even if we consider the view of von Franz that: Not all dark impulses lend themselves to redemption; [and we have to be careful not to] accept everything that comes up from the unconscious (InterpretationShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesresponsibility and draconian penalties (Jenson Howard, 1998; Melton, Petrila, Poythress, Slobogin, 2007). These individuals react to this obvious social crisis with an attempt to fight the phenomenon with curbing the symptoms but without considering the causes which are created socially. When trying to combat this phenomenon, one has to be aware of the social contexts of juvenile delinquency. 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Corporate Social Responsibility Of A Socially Responsible...

Being involved in a socially responsible initiative is genuinely a win-win situation for all parties involved. Not only will the company be attractive to consumers and employees, but the company can also make a real difference in the world. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the pledge a business makes where it promises to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of workforce and their family as well as the local community (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor 42). This practice helps to form or improve the positive image of the company. Businesses that follow the socially responsible model consider the impact of the company’s actions on society. This also includes promoting and supporting local, national and global causes, which is a part of CSR called corporate philanthropy, where businesses donate some of their profits or resources to charities (Taylor). Companies that show social responsibility this way must be devoted to doing so on a regular basis, because if don’t follow through with it, your organization may be viewed by the public as dishonest. Many critics of CSR believe that this model reduces the main goal of business, restricts the free market goal of maximizing profit, and also limits the ability to compete in a global marketplace (Pride, Hughes, Kapoor 47). Though critics may believe they are right, CSR gives companies a chance to address social issues caused by business’ and other factors and allows them to be a partShow MoreRelatedCorporate Accountability : Corporate Responsibility Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In April 2015, Corporate Responsibility Magazine released their annual list of the most socially responsible companies in the United States. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Thirty One Free Essays

We spent the rest of that night trying to discover something more about the , witchie wolves, even Lydia. According to Nic, she existed, but he couldn’t find out anything else about her, which made him nuts. The man wouldn’t get off the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty One or any similar topic only for you Order Now Around 3 a.m. I fell asleep on the couch, only to be awoken by Edward several hours later. â€Å"Dawn approaches,† he said. â€Å"Let us go and question the native woman.† Mr. Politically Incorrect. I was going to have to watch what he said to Lydia. From the bloodshot appearance of Nic’s eyes as the three of us climbed into Edward’s Cadillac, he hadn’t slept at all. Shortly after the sun rose, we reached Lydia’s. She stood on the porch as we climbed out of the car. The smirk on her face was disturbing. The way she stared at Edward even more so. â€Å"Lydia,† Edward said. â€Å"It has been a long time.† â€Å"Wait a second.† I glanced from Edward to Lydia and back again. â€Å"You know Cora’s granddaughter?† Edward snorted. â€Å"She is no more Cora’s granddaughter than she is mine.† â€Å"Who is she?† I asked. â€Å"Lydia Lovell. A familiar.† â€Å"Familiar with what?† â€Å"The werewolves.† Edward made an exasperated sound and turned to me. â€Å"You know what a familiar is.† I did, but-how was I supposed to know Lydia was one? Traditionally, familiars took the shape of black cats, dogs, or wolves, going places no human could go. The concept of the helpful spirit being is believed to have originated with the totem animal guides of the shamans. However, since the werewolves were already animals, their familiars took the form of humans. â€Å"She said she was training to become a Chippewa – â€Å" † Chippewa?† Edward interrupted. â€Å"She said Chippewa?’ â€Å"Yes. Then no. She corrected herself. Why?† â€Å"I’ve learned a few things from Cadotte, and no true Ojibwe would ever use the word Chippewa.† Nic pulled his gun and pointed it in Lydia’s direction. â€Å"Not yet,† I murmured. The gun didn’t appear to make Lydia nervous, which only made me more so. Either she didn’t plan on any of us living long enough to stop her, or her nefarious plan was too far along to thwart. Was there a door number 3? â€Å"Herr Mandenauer is right. I work for the werewolves. But soon they will work for me.† â€Å"You’re raising a witchie wolf army,† I said. Lydia inclined her head. â€Å"But how? You aren’t a werewolf.† â€Å"Are you certain?† â€Å"Yes,† I said firmly, even as my mind doubted. One thing I’d learned as a Jger-Sucher, the rules applied only until someone or something changed them. â€Å"You don’t sound very confident. But I’ve spent a lot of time and money to make all of you doubt what you know and who you trust.† Money? The light went on in my head. â€Å"You bought information from the traitor.† Lydia laughed. â€Å"There isn’t any traitor – or at least not in the technical sense of the word. None of your own betrayed you.† Good to know. Really set my mind at ease. â€Å"If not one of us, then who?† â€Å"Do not waste your time,† Edward said. â€Å"She will not tell us.† Edward turned his attention to Lydia. â€Å"I am afraid your lover is dead. Will that destroy your plans, I hope?† â€Å"My plans are right on schedule.† â€Å"You wanted Basil dead?† I asked. â€Å"Not particularly. He was an incredible lay. He’d do anything I wanted, anywhere. All day, all night. The boy was amazing.† â€Å"Way too much information,† Nic muttered. â€Å"He follows orders amazingly well. ‘Kill Dr. Hanover,’ I said. Next thing I know – bam, bam.'† â€Å"Actually, it was just bam for him, right, Nic?† â€Å"Yeah. Then he ran away like a girl.† â€Å"Hey!† I protested. â€Å"Sorry. How about we try bam-bam on Miss Familiar?† Lydia laughed again. Why did she find Nic’s threats of shooting her so amusing? Maybe she couldn’t be shot. â€Å"Why is she so smug, Edward?† I needed to know what I was facing before I could face it with any sort of strength. Even then†¦ I glanced at the sun sparkling through the trees. I wasn’t going to be able to do much damage at this time of day. â€Å"Lydia is a descendant of Gypsies,† Edward answered. â€Å"Romania, tambourines, fortune-telling Gypsies?† Nic asked. Lydia snorted at the same time Edward said, â€Å"Hardly. Gypsies are the traditional companions of werewolves. Familiars. They protect them and in turn are paid handsomely.† â€Å"You didn’t know this?† Nic asked me. â€Å"I knew.† â€Å"Gypsy? Werewolves? You weren’t a little suspicious?† â€Å"She said she was Ojibwe. Why shouldn’t I believe her?† â€Å"You couldn’t tell the difference?† â€Å"Have you ever seen a Gypsy?† â€Å"I’m not sure.† â€Å"Exactly. They’re a little hard to peg in the wild.† â€Å"There are very few with pure Gypsy blood left,† Edward said. â€Å"Why is that?† Nic inched forward; I elbowed him back. Who knew what kind of powers she had? â€Å"Hitler killed four hundred thousand in his death camps,† Lydia snapped. â€Å"He labeled us nonhuman.† â€Å"I hate it when that happens,† I muttered. Lydia shot me a glare. â€Å"Mengele loved to experiment on the Gypsies as well as the Jews. When he concocted monsters, he made them from bits and pieces of other things.† â€Å"His werewolves have Gypsy blood,† I guessed, and Lydia dipped her chin in acknowledgment. â€Å"But if they’re your cousins or brothers. Children†¦ whatever – â€Å" â€Å"You say they as if you aren’t one of them.† â€Å"Fine, if we’re related, then why do you want to rule us?† â€Å"Someone has to. If the werewolves banded together, had a leader with half a brain at the helm, someone who didn’t get distracted by a demon, or the full moon, or blood on the breeze, they could become so much more than what they are.† Edward had always feared just such an occurrence. If all the werewolves joined forces, what was to prevent every other monster from doing the same? Pretty soon people would be in the minority – if they weren’t already. We had to stop her. If only we knew what she was up to. Why did she need a witchie wolf army? What could they do? More importantly: How could we kill them? Hard to say. Hard to ask, too, since I doubted she’d tell us. â€Å"Why get rid of Basil?† I pressed. â€Å"Especially if he was so gifted.† â€Å"Well hung, you mean?† I hadn’t but†¦ I shrugged. â€Å"I didn’t kill him.† â€Å"I did.† That voice. It couldn’t be. I turned toward the sound just as a figure stepped from the woods and pressed a gun to Edward’s temple. Oh, jeez! Oh, shit! Oh, hell! â€Å"Billy.† How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty One, Essay examples

High and Late Renaissance Period Essay Example For Students

High and Late Renaissance Period Essay In chapter 22, we cover the High and Late Renaissance within the time period of the 1495 through the 1600’s. Which really included some of the most famous artists and paintings still known to man today. The artists that are still most famous today for their work done back then are Leonardo, Raphael, Donatello and Michelangelo. Other artists and notables we learned about in this chapter include Titian, Palladio, Vasari, Tintoretto, Veronese, Bronzino, Parmigianino and Sofonisba Anguissola. Let’s start from the period 1495. Leonardo da Vinci, also known as â€Å"The Renaissance Man. He wasn’t just an artist he was infatuated with learning. His curiosity is noted in his sketchbooks dealing with subjects of geology, zoology, anatomy, hydraulics, mechanics and so much more. Leonardo states himself that his scientific investigations made him a better painter. Leonardo believed in reality in an absolute sense is inaccessible and humans can know it only through its changing images. This making sense because he also believed that the eyes, were the most important organs with sight being the more essential function. With eyes, individuals can grasp reality most directly and profoundly. Leonardo’s most recognized paintings in this era were Madonna of the Rocks, Madonna and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John, Vitruvian Man, Last Supper and the Mona Lisa. From the Madonna of the Rocks painting, Leonardo, presented the figures in a pyramidal grouping where they also share the same environment. This created a unified atmospheric setting that was taught by his scientific curiosity that created a new medium of oil painting. His robust style is shown in the Last Supper as well as the Mona Lisa, which is arguably the most famous painting in the world. Using chiaroscuro and atmospheric perspective in most of his art work this portrait is a prime example of sfumato (misty-haziness). The Mona Lisa has received tons of attention because of many reasons. One, being the controversy of who is actually in the painting and two, the fact that the woman is looking directly at the viewer. This is something this time period is not used to seeing, especially a secular painting. A painter strongly influenced by Perugino, Leonardo and others was Raphael. Raphael was sent to work by Julius II. Raphael’s style was all about foreshortening and of the perspective system he learned from Perugino. Some of Raphael’s greatest works included, Madonna in the Meadow, Marriage of the Virgin, Philosophy (School of Athens), Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de’ Medici and Luigi de’ Rossi, Baldassare Castiglione and Galatea. Raphael painted so many things under the Pope and the Medici family, which brought him much success in his life. Raphael’s paintings were much brighter and bolder than Leonardo’s which I enjoy the intense detail of his paintings. His figures communicate moods that reflect their beliefs, and the artist’s placement of the figures tied these moods together. It is shown best in his painting of Philosophy, School of Athens. One of my favorites from Raphael is Galatea. Instead of showing more biblical paintings this one was representing classical mythology. Which was rarely used to make paintings for. Michelangelo was an artist, architect, poet, engineer and a sculptor. Although, he is most famous for painting the Sistine chapel frescos, his sculpting was very prominent and shares the divine power to â€Å"make man. He believed the image the artist’s hand produces must come from the idea in the artists mind. That artist found their ideas in the natural world, reflecting on the absolute idea, beauty. Michelangelo reflected his ideas off of a great philosophical man named, Plato. He broke from measurements and absolute proportions to show symbolic meaning in his sculptures. This is how he broke away from Da Vinci and others, he believed that the concept of right to a self-expression relied only on the artist’s own judgment. .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .postImageUrl , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:hover , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:visited , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:active { border:0!important; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:active , .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60 .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1db1fe212f730e65a7304f87198b0b60:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DEATH AND BURIAL THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSANCESome of his pieces included: Pieta, David, Moses, Bound Slave (Rebellious Slave), Tomb of Giuliano De’ Medici and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. During the time of the Sistine Chapel being painted the â€Å"counter-reformation† was being created. The tension between the catholic faith and the protestant faith. From the tension of religious life in this time period created Michelangelo’s Last Judgment painting. Michelangelo was very talented and also did some Architecture work for Saint Peters, Rome, as well as a court yard for Paul III. Some other notable people during the 1500’s includ ed Andrea Palladio. He was greatly influenced by Renaissance philosophers and artists, and was made architectural advisor to the Vatican in 1570. His great architectural works include Villa Foscari, Teatro Olimpico, and Palazzo Chiericati, all located in Italy. Venetian Painting began in the 16th Century and derived from the distinct style from Rome and Florence to create soft-colored light on figures and landscapes. One great artist that began the High-Renaissance painting style in Venice was Giovanni Bellini. Influenced greatly by Antonello da Messina, a Sicilian born painter. He encountered Flemish painting and mastered using mixed oil. As a result Bellini used a mixture of oil and tempera and created a sensual coloristic manner that dominated for the rest of the century. Known for his Madonna paintings and others he used his style to teach other great artists like Titian and Giorgione. Giorgione, although short-lived he created The Tempest, which focused on lyrical and sensual inspired poetry to be conveyed in his paintings. Among Bellini’s death in 1516, the Republic of Venice named Titian as its official painter. Influenced greatly by Giorgione and his master Bellini, One of his most noted pieces of art was at first believed to be Bellini’s but once known it was Titian he took over the Venetian painting style. He was a colorist and a master of the oil medium that casted a mood of tranquil and dreaminess over the entire painting. Some of his art work included: Pastoral Symphony, Assumption of the Virgin, Madonna of the Pesaro Family, Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne, Isabella d’Este and Venus of Urbino. Titan’s late work was brought on by him thinking of his death and started creating a memorial for his tomb, like Michelangelo, called Pieta. During this time canvas’s very being introduced and it was painted on a canvas creating a thick Impasto. In the 1520’s emerged Mannerism. Where paintings were know centered on style and representation. Mannerism revealed itself to have imbalanced compositions and unusual complexities. Showing random space and unusual presentations of traditional themes. The artists in this style era included: Pontormo, Parmigianino, Bronzino and Sofonisba Anguissola. The most noted out of all of these artists would have to be Parmigianino. He began a painter in his teens and quickly became the favorite painter in Rome. His works include the self-portrait in a convex mirror and his best work Madonna with the Long Neck. Displaying elegance in the mannerist fashion and Madonna with a distorted long neck. Bronzino also conveyed the mannerist style very well in his controversial painting of Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time. The meaning of the painting was overall ambiguous and was left with the viewer to decide what happens. The first female in this chapter that is actually noted for her talents is Sofonisba Anguissola. She introduced a new kind of group portrait where the subjects are often engaged in activities causing an informality in the painting but still leaving the charm for people to see. The style switches up again in the 16th century combining the High Renaissance Venetian ideas but also incorporating many elements in the mannerist style. The artists shown in this era were Tintoretto, Veronese and Correggio. Along with sculptures by Benvenuto Cellini and Giovanni Da Bologna and some architecture by Romano which he depicted all of a mannerist style. .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .postImageUrl , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:hover , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:visited , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:active { border:0!important; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:active , .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueb95e5452e7134af1bcc76a6a4a7f25e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Harlem Renaissance Poetry EssayTintoretto claimed he was a student of Titian and he aspired to combine Titian’s color with Michelangelo’s drawing but historians believed he conveyed a remarkable Venetian representation of Mannerism. In his painting of the Last Supper, he shows dramatic power, depth of spiritual vision and the glowing use of the Venetian style of colors. Among him was Veronese. While Tintoretto showed drama and deep perspectives, Veronese specialized in pageantry painted in beautiful color set in majestic classical architecture. Both artists painted on huge canvases as large as 20-30 feet high or even more. Another painter that had his own personal style between all of these was Correggio. His painting of the Assumption of the Virgin captured one of the most illusionistic ceiling paintings I’ve ever seen in my life. He was around long before Veronese and was a teacher of Parmigianino and didn’t receive all the attention he should have gotten back then. It’s only until the 17th century that Baroque painters appreciate what he accomplished.

Quebecs Quiet Revolution Essays - Politics Of Quebec,

Quebecs Quiet Revolution Quebec's Quiet revolution: What is it? How has it changed Quebec's society? How has it affected Confederation? The English-French relations have not always been easy. Each is always arguing and accusing the other of wrong doings. All this hatred and differences started in the past, and this Quiet revolution, right after a new Liberal government led by Jean Lesage came in 1960. Thus was the beginning of the Quiet Revolution. Lesage had an excellent team of cabinet ministers which included Rene Levesque. The Liberals promised to do two things during the Quiet Revolution; one was to improve economic and social standards for the people of Quebec, and the other was to win greater respect and recognition for all the French people of Canada. The Liberals started a program to take control of hydro-electric power companies. French-Canadian engineers from all over Canada returned to Quebec to work on the project. Slogans during these times were we can do it and masters in our own homes. The government also started to replace programs the Church previously ran, which included hospital insurance, pension schemes and the beginning of Medi-Care. For these programs, the Quebec Liberals had to struggle with Ottawa for a larger share of the tax dollars. One of the greatest reforms was the modernization of the entire school system. The Church used to own the schools of Quebec. Most of the teachers were Priests, Nuns and Brothers. They provided a good education but Quebec needed more in business and technology. Lesage wanted a government-run school system that would provide Quebec with people in engineering, science, business and commerce. With the new freedom of expression, lots of books, plays and music about French culture were all developed in Quebec. French contemporary playwrights were very famous during that time. However, not all was going well in Quebec. The French-English relation was going bad. Many studies showed that French-Canadian Quebecers were earning the lowest wage in all of the ethnic groups in Canada. Other complaints were that the top jobs in Quebec were given to English speaking Canadians. Canada was going through the worst crisis in its history, and unless equal partnership was found a break-up would likely happen. Some Quebecers thought that separation was the only solution. They thought that as long as Quebec was associated with the rest of Canada, French-Canadians would never be treated equal. The FLQ (Front De Liberation Du Quebec) was founded in 1963. It was a smaller, more forceful group of separatists. They were a collection of groups of young people whose idea was to use terrorism to achieve independence for Quebec. The ALQ (Arm de Liberation de Quebec) was even more of a violent separatist group. Some of their actions included robbing banks in order to get money. For their ammunition they had to raid arms depots of the Canadian Armed Forces. There were many Federalists that believed that separatism had no future and that French-Canadians could play a role in a bi?lingual Canada. There were three Quebec men that believed in Federalism. These men were Liberals and their names were Pierre Trudeau, Jean Marchand and Gerard Pelletier. The President of France, General De Gaulle came to Quebec in 1967 and gave speeches to separatist groups that deemed him an enthusiast of the thoughts of the separatists in the struggle to fight for the liberation of Quebec. The Prime Minister at the time, Lester B. Pearson, criticized De Gaulle's remarks and said that Quebec belonged to Canada and there was no need for their liberation. In 1970, British Trade Commissioner James R. Cross was kidnapped by FLQ and wanted in return for Cross, 23 political prisoners. Quebec Labour Minister, Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped which started a Quebec crisis. After a few months Cross returned when Laporte was assassinated. The Quebec crisis ended several years of violence in Quebec. This crisis made many Quebecers upset because Ottawa sent the army into Quebec. Therefore English-French turmoil did not end. Rene Levesque was a leader who became very popular in Quebec with his views on independence. In 1976, Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois won the Provincial election. Now many Quebecers thought he could build up Quebec. Since

Introduction of Marijuana Essay Example

Introduction of Marijuana Essay Example Introduction of Marijuana Essay Introduction of Marijuana Essay The use of marijuana has been an active past time for thousands of years, however, it did not reach the United States until around 1912. A wave of Mexican immigrants was entering the country in the effort to find work; with them came marijuana. The use of marijuana was a normal custom among the Mexican people, but the White Americans in towns bordering Mexico saw the use of this particular plant in a different light. Fueled with racism and frustration associated with the lack of work for the American people, whites proclaimed that the smoking of marijuana gave the Mexicans super-human strength and transformed those who smoked it into violent murderers. With the increase in rumors of bloodshed and mayhem brought about by Mexicans on marijuana-rampages, the city council of El, Paso, Texas passed a law, the El Paso Ordinance of 1914, banning the possession of marijuana (Grass: The History of Marijuana). As a result, the regulation not only provided a way to control marijuana, but Mexicans as well. THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF NARCOTICS AND UNIFROM STATE NARCOTIC LAW Meanwhile, those Americans who did not reside in states bordering Mexico were quite unfamiliar with the use of marijuana, and were much more concerned with the then current war on opium, morphine, cocaine, and heroin addiction plaguing society. In the early 1930’s the United States government decided that these public health issues of addiction could be handled by the United States Department of Treasury, who in turn established the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). Harry J. Anslinger was assigned as the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. Anslinger was an alcohol prohibitionist who believed that â€Å"progress can only be achieved by controlling the deprived impulses of the masses†; he believed that if laws implemented in society were strict enough and if enough people were punished for partaking in prohibited acts, the public would steer away from wrongdoing. Anslinger believed this same philosophy would work in America’s war against dope. However, Anslinger found it hard to regulate drug use in all 48 states; he was only one man and during the Depression, it was difficult to find financial backing for such a feat. Anslinger sought the solution to his problem among the forty-eight states of America; he aimed to influence each state to individually control drug use and trafficking among its citizens. Anslinger planned to do this by getting each state to sign a joint agreement that would commit a portion of each state’s resources to the drug control, the Uniform State Narcotic Law. However, only nine states agreed (New York, New Jersey, Virginia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida, and Indiana), the other states believed that the agreement allowed the federal government to interfere with state affairs (Grass, 1999). Meanwhile, New Orleans was a major port city that trafficked marijuana into the United States by way of West Indian sailors. It was known as muggles, tea, or reefer on the streets of New Orleans, and grew extremely popular among the jazz crowd in the city due to the proclamation that music sounded notably better after a â€Å"reefer stick†. Musicians began to bring marijuana from New Orleans to cities farther north up the Mississippi River, increasing the drug’s popularity in larger cities of America. With this growing popularity and awareness, Anslinger saw targeting marijuana as the means to his end; he concluded that if he could convince white America that marijuana was an absolute menace, the frightened voters would push their state legislature to agree to his Uniform State Narcotic Law (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). The media was Anslinger’s primary weapon in leading all Americans to believe that marijuana was the most dangerous social issue that had ever faced the country; the use of marijuana was tied to the likes of murder, insanity and death; mothers were told to protect their children from becoming slaves to the drug and movies were made linking the smoking of marijuana with immediate insanity, murderous rage or committing suicide (Grass, 1999). The negative propaganda eventually obtained a firm grasp on the minds of the American people, one by one, each state signed the Uniform State Narcotic Law; Anslinger’s method of exaggeration and manipulation went according plan. THE MARIJUANA STAMP ACT A frightened America demanded that society be protected by the threat of marijuana, and sought relief within the power of the federal government. On June 14, 1937, the Marijuana Tax Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt without any â€Å"public debate, scientific inquiry, or political objection† (Grass, 1999). The act prohibited the possession of any marijuana unless one also possessed a marijuana tax stamp which was provided by the Department of Treasury, however, in order to obtain a stamp act, one had to present to authorities his or her amount of marijuana, which was illegal in and of itself. Through this extremely misleading form of legislation, the Department of Treasury effectively made marijuana possession illegal, and subsequently lead to hundreds of arrests. LA GUARDIA VERSUS ANSLINGER The enactment of the Marijuana Stamp Act brought with it skepticism from many white Americans, especially in the northeast region of the country. Those who opposed the Stamp Act believed that its implementation brought with it the return of prohibition, an aspect of legislation they did not want to see in existence again (R. Dietch, 2003). Fiorello La Guardia was the mayor of New York during Anslinger’s relentless crusade against marijuana’s use and possession, and he too was against prohibition and the criminalization of marijuana. La Guardia was skeptical of the claims that were made by the federal government in relation to the effects the use has on the mind, and consequently lead a committee of 31 impartial scientists in the investigation of the physical and mental effects marijuana use has on a human being. The La Guardia Committee Report was conducted for five years (1939 – 1944) in which it concluded that the effects of marijuana use did not agree with the perception of the Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics; a perception forced upon and used to frighten the people of America. The report stated that the use of marijuana did not â€Å"lead to violent or antisocial behavior, did not cause uncontrollable sexual urges, and did not alter a person’s basic personality structure† (Grass, 1999). Also, unlike the claims made by the federal government, the information provided by the La Guardia Committee Report, entitled The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York, was supported by scientific evidence and testimony from marijuana users (R. Deitch, 2003). In response to the threat of his credibility, Anslinger had the report discredited and destroyed all copies that he was able to obtain; he labeled the authors as â€Å"dangerous men† and referred to the evidence in the report as â€Å"giddy sociology and medical mumbo-jumbo† (M. Booth, 2005). The determined Anslinger did not allow the plights of science to diverge from him from his course; he targeted the degenerate moral influence of actors and musician in the entertainment industry, â€Å"the missionaries carrying its evil gospel to the world† (M. Booth, 2005). Anslinger obtained control not only over movie contracts, but pilot and book contracts as well; he gained control over the film industry and spent $220 million in the production of films that supported his views in relation to the dangerous effects marijuana could have on one’s life. Musicians were also targeted, especially black jazz musicians; he believed black jazz musicians were the source of this reefer evil, and white marijuana smokers were merely corrupted by black influence through their mainstream music (M. Booth, 2005). RED CHINA AND THE NARCOTIC CONTROL ACT OF 1956 With the approach of the 1950s, the number of heroin addicts was increasing, especially among young teens. Crimes of theft were high among these strung out teenagers who turned to illegal acts in an effort to support their drug habit. Anslinger and the federal government saw an opportunity in this new heroin craze, and deemed marijuana use the reason for the increase in heroin addicts; â€Å"if you smoke it, you will become a heroin addict† (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). With the new fabricated association between marijuana and heroin, tougher laws and greater penalties were demanded by the public for all drug offenses. Anslinger was quick to play on the growing fear of communism among the American people; he began to proclaim that behind every narcotics drug peddler was a communist â€Å"ready to overthrow the government† (Grass, 1999). Anslinger cleverly linked China as the direct source of the opiates that so many American people were becoming addicted to; it was believed by the public that â€Å"Red China† was trying to infiltrate America via the heroin needle (L. Sloman, 1998). In an effort not to appear nationally weak in the midst of a cold war and during the threat of the Red Menace, and without any physical proof that the Chinese were behind the rise of opiates in the United States, Truman signed the Boggs Act of 1951 which implemented mandatory minimum sentences for all drug offenses. THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF MARIJUANA The passing of the Boggs act was followed by the passage of the Narcotic Control Act of 1956, which placed marijuana in the same category as heroin; the mandatory minimum sentence for possession of marijuana could result in 2 – 10 years in prison (R. J. Bonnie, 1970). Some states placed even harsher punishments for the possession of narcotics; in Missouri a 2nd conviction could place the defendant in prison for life. Anslinger’s ruthless campaign against the criminalization of marijuana finally came to an end in 1961 under the administration of former President John F. Kennedy in which he warned his successor that â€Å"the impending drug revolution is an assault on the foundation of western civilization†. Between the years of 1941 and 1963, the federal government spent $1. 5 billion on the â€Å"war against marijuana†. The use of marijuana was a new craze among college campuses in the mid 1960s, many of those who smoked marijuana no longer held the view depicting it as a dangerous substance, but as a way of declaring their independence. The new commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Henry Giordano, began to publicize that the use of marijuana will make one an â€Å"unmotivated, dysfunctional loser† (Grass, 1999). Nixon continued to focus on drug crimes by pouring significant amounts of money into the training, equipping, and educating local policemen in recognizing evidence related to marijuana use. Minorities were not the only individuals being convicted for the possession of marijuana; those who were being arrested for marijuana charges consisted mainly of middle-class, white, American teenagers. As a matter of fact, the number of convicted young people was so high that the public began wonder if the legislation against marijuana was too strict; the laws were then seen as the problem in society, not marijuana. The passage of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 officially reduced the penalty for possession of marijuana (L. Sloman, 1998). Between 1964 and 1969 the amount of money used in the control of marijuana use and possession was estimated to be $9 billion. As Nixon continued spend millions of dollars in the establishment of the Drug Enforcement Agency, many American citizens began to seek the decriminalization of private use and possession of marijuana. This sudden public desire for the decriminalization of marijuana could be tied to its use no longer being a youth phenomenon; middle class adults had begun smoking marijuana during social activities and the push for the legalization of marijuana began. The Ann Arbor City Ordinance of 1972 placed marijuana possession to a minor offense, comparable to a traffic ticket. The control of marijuana use is still significant today, though the laws and regulations for the possession and use of marijuana have become notably less strict in comparison to the laws that were implemented during the 1920s. Between the Jimmy Carter Administration and throughout the Regan Administration, the United States of America spent approximately $290 billion in its efforts to control the drugs on the streets of the country (Grass, 1999). THE WAR ON DRUGS America’s need to abolish the use of marijuana stemmed from the racial prejudice against Mexican immigrants and African Americans, and was fueled by false proclamations and loosely associated consequences. The War on Drugs resulted in a grand total of over $300 billion spent; this battle is surely to go down in history as one of the most lengthy and costly wars this nation has ever experienced with no end in sight.

Economics Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics Bachelor - Essay Example Before this incident, Japan has been trying to position itself as a global leader of environmental peace-maker rhetorically. But if Japan's own contribution to its domestic environmental impacts, we find out that there are at least five categories or key areas where Japan excels with a lot of scopes to be desired for in the context of environmental green peace. These five major areas are the promotion of high technology, deforestation, foreign direct investment, official development assistance and over-fishing. In the context of over-fishing the prime concern of the world right now is the problem of whaling. In Eco Pre Meeting, Issue 1, it has been reported that the Japanese government has thrown down the gauntlet to the IWC by proposing to expand its so-called "scientific" whaling. Next in line for slaughter are sperm whales, the huge and endangered species immortalized by Melville in Moby Dick, and Bryde's whales. This is on top of the more 500 mink whales they kill annually. Although commercial whaling was banned by the Commission in 1986, Japan has killed mink whales in the Antarctic since 1987 and in the North Pacific since 1994. Under a loophole in the IWC Convention, countries need only inform the Commission of their plans to kill whales for scientific purposes. The IWC Scientific Committee has regularly declared that Japan's proposed research provides little or no information that would contribute to the proper management of whale populations. And the full Commission has repeatedly urged Japan to refrain from granting themselves research permits for such whaling. Nevertheless, Japan has continued to kill whales and sell the meat commercially. Yet the killing goes on. More recently, (May 11, 2006) Japan announced that "Japan has announced a new marketing push for its most unwanted export: whale meat. A new company, with a sales target of 1000 tonnes per year, started works a few days ago. But finding someone, anyone, to buy it will be a challenge. Domestic demand is at a historic low. Japan's stockpile of frozen whale meat was a record 4800 tones last August, unofficial reports say. And that was before the most recent season when more than 850 mink whales, each weighing about 10 tones, were caught in the Southern Ocean. The decision by Japan's whale research body, the Institute of Cetacean Research, to set up a company to find new markets comes a month after the country's second-largest seafood company, Nissui, said that it would abandon its whale meat canning business." (Cameron, 3) But despite all these Japan keeps on the trade of whale killing under disguise of scientific operations. Japan says that it does not have a commercial whaling program and that what is sold at Tokyo's famous fish market is a sensible use of the byproduct of scientific research into whale biology and migration. Opponents say that killing whales for research is unnecessary and that Japan is using a loophole to circumvent a 1986 moratorium on commercial whaling. (Cameron, 3) A lot of organizations from all over the world from countries like Canada and Australia are working vigorously to put an end to this trade by boycotting Japanese product and Japanese companies like Mitsubishi. Japan continues to kill whales under the name of "research". However, it is not really research. Half the whale meat sold

Quantitative research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative research - Assignment Example The sample represents the teenage population in one village in the Capricorn district of the Limpopo province (Babbie & Mouton, 2009). This indicates that the study was only considering the pregnant teenagers in that geographic sector. The sample therefore represents the part of population that has the highest number of individuals. Eligibility criteria and delimitations are not clearly shown in the research article. This is because the sample that aided in the research did not require formalities such as education background and financial issues. In addition, the study was based on facts in the area of operation and not assumptions. According to the issue in the area of study, the study sample was adequate because generation of reliable information was possible from the sample. This facilitates the concept of relevance in a study. The instruments were reliable and valid since they were straight to the main objective of the study (Babbie & Mouton, 2009). In addition, the translation into the local language created a greater understanding and establishment was prior to the study. The rise in the number of teenage pregnancies is resulting to a great concern and being more critical. The situation requires urgent and appropriate action to prevent family disintegration (Babbie & Mouton,

The History Of Dance And Cultural Influences Film Studies Essay

The History Of Dance And Cultural Influences Film Studies Essay Political climates, social factors and cultural influences are some of the key elements that affect dance and its development. Emotional and intellectual reactions towards changes in these political and social circumstances are often evidently seen in the medium of dance. (Company, Library, College, Division, Dept, Branch, Hanna, Arny, and Company) In the movie White Nights, the lives of two dancers from entirely different cultural backgrounds are intertwined resulting in an interesting marriage of tap dancing and ballet. These two distinctly unique forms of dance are central to the plot of the story as they help to push the action in the movie forward. Planted in an atmosphere of distrust and paranoia, Greenwood ironically found solace tap dancing his way into Broadway numbers that were truncated into small and less glamorous sets for an unexposed Soviet audience. On the other hand, the leading character Rodchenko, experienced a great freedom as he fled the totalitarian state; openi ng the door for exploration and exposure to a wider range of dance techniques, experimenting with different artistic directions. Eventually, their passion for dance and expression becomes the catalyst that transforms the relationship between the idealistic Russian ballet superstar, Nikolai Rodchenko and the disillusioned Harlem-born tap dancer, Raymond Greenwood. Set in the tense political climate of the Cold War between communist Soviet Union and capitalist United States of America, it was one of the primary perimeters for much of the tension between the two characters. With suspicion and fear, the two began their accidental friendship resulting a collaboration not only in executing a plan of escape but also in their respective dance forms. In a way, dance became one of the vehicles and motivation for these characters migration to another land. Due to the dissatisfaction or restrictions they have experienced due the political situation of their nation, they opted to leave for another land in search for an avenue to express themselves in dance. Likened to the oppression of the legalistic church during the Dark Ages, the outlet for emotional expression through dance was never successfully suppressed by political or social forces. Similar to the countryside folks who danced underground and away from the eyes of the authorities during the Dark Ages, Nikolai also found an outlet for greater expression in dance in America and other parts of the world. Parallel to the character of Nikolai, Raymond Greenwoods dances could also be seen as a result of the political climate of which he was placed in. Due the Vietnam war, he became traumatised and disillusioned with the American government. He too, was pushed by the atrocities he experienced to leave those memories behind and start anew in the drastically different world of the Soviet Union. In addition, International press relations and the image of the Soviet Union in the global community also seemed to be one of the key concerns which motivated the plot. Nikolai was held in the Soviet Union against his will in an attempt to convince the international ballet star to dance in Leningrad instead of the world at large. This is an example where the interests of the totalitarian state directly impedes an individual advancement in the world of dance (as in other art forms). This relates to the idea of how oppression has an effect on dance. As such, one cannot deny how the political situation of a nation has great impact on the emotional state and being of a dancer. This successfully creates a significant reaction which is displayed through the medium of dance. Socially, the sentiments and emotions toward the Soviet Union and the racism situation in the United States have been important factors that shaped the dances seen in the film. In the case of Nikolai, the rebellion and frustration towards the iron fist of the Soviet Unions reign was distinctly expressed in a sequence where he was dancing in front of his old flame. The movements and shapes involved in that dance were a clear expression of rebellion as it went against the basic ballet concept of pure and clean straight lines created by the body. The dance consisted of bend knees, asymmetrical forms and crooked shapes/lines, going against the elegant form and shape of classical ballet. Even the music (which was forbidden in the Soviet Union) feature the screaming tones of an frustrated Russian, displaying the emotions of an oppressed society. Just like in Hip-Hop dances and rap music of the African-American community, dance served as an outlet of release for all the emotional angst and sentiments of rebellion evident in the culture of a particular community due to the social issues and problems present. This scene not only displays a different side of Russian dance culture but also helps to bring the plot forward as it moves Helen Mirrens character to risk her life to aid Nikolai arrange for a route of escape. In this sense, the scene was strategically used to move the viewer and the character which was crucial in moving the plot forward. Again, this fulfills Noverres concept of ensuring that dance solos are used in supporting to a central theme and plot. The two different cultures and dance forms are introduced to the viewers are separate and distinct entities at the beginning of the show. In the opening scene of the movie displayed a dance piece that seemingly fitting the four elements of which Jean- Georges Noverre proposed that ballets ought to have in the famous Lettres sur la danse et les ballet: 1. Ballet should not only be technically brilliant, but should move audience emotionally through dramatic expressiveness. 2. Ballet should have unified plots that were logical and understandable. 3. The story should contribute to the central theme. Dance solos, etc. that do not relate to the plot should be eliminated. Scenery, music, costumes and plot all should be unified and appropriate to the theme. 4. Pantomime should be simpler and more understandable In accordance to this set of criteria, the opening scene aligns itself to these requirements. With a clear narrative expressed, the dramatic orchestra music and the elaborately realistic set where all present in support of the plot where the dance make sense. Despite the lack of speech or singing, the use of pantomime to tell the story on stage was evident in this opening scene. Although there is a generally clear and distinct storyline, the viewer of the movie was free to interpret the intricate details of the plot as it was not specifically articulated expression such as anguish, confusion and anxiety were expressed through the dancers using stereotypical and socially understood expressions. Without any prior knowledge of the historical context of the film, the viewer is still able to interpret and understand the general happenings in the ballet performance by reading the body language of Nikolai Rodchenkov. Just as Noverre recommended, it was simple and logical, making it quite pl ain for audiences to understand. As such, the Russian classical ballet roots were evidently displayed through the character of Nikolai.. Similarly, we also witness a distinctly American style of dancing (from the character of Raymond Greenwood) which has influences from the African-American community. One of the basic steps of tap dancing is shuffling which originated from the tribal African dances where they often keep their feet close to the ground in a bid to stay closely connected to the Earthly deities they believed in. Also, the repetitive rhythmic moves that harmoniously syncopates with the music in tap dancing are believed to be descendants of a tribal African dance concept where the repetition actually represented the cycle and circle of life. (Libraries, and Knowles. 21-23) Deeply connected to his complicatedly tough environment of Harlem, we see the past and motivation of Raymond Greenwood in a drunken tap dancing scene. Particularly, there was a segment in the scene where Raymond spoke of his decision to join the military. This is aided with a marching-like rhythms expressed in his tap dancing, vividly pai nting the picture of his circumstances during that time to the viewer. Though rather melodramatic, the brief sequence could be seen as a piece in accordance to Noverres concept where dance steps should be telling of a story to give meaning to these movements. As the plot progresses, it is observed that the characters were brought from Siberia to Leningrad. This is due to Raymonds persuasion (under the threat of the Soviet secret police) and the eventual decision on Nikolais part to dance at the theatre in Leningrad. The two dancers then began to collaborate increasingly in their craft as their relationship and circumstances develop. The two dancers slowly progress to merge or collaborate as they begin to gain trust with each other, plotting a route of escape from the secret police of the Soviet Union. Anchoring on their remarkable talent in dance, viewers are presented with a modern dance piece towards the end of film. This is where the two dancers performed a synchronised sequence accompanied by up-to-date 80s music, featuring moves that married elements from tap dancing, ballet and a kicking movement that viewers would inevitably related to Asian martial arts. This collaboration not only created a climax in plot, it also depicted the ch emistry that has develop between the two characters as they move in unison across the big screen. Notably, the brilliant choreography of award-winning choreographer, Twyla Tharp with the remarkable execution by George Hines and Mikhail Baryshnikov is evidence of how dance can become so versatile and fluidly applied in any circumstances. By Incorporating the different elements of modern ballet, with American tap dancing, choreographed according to a pop 80s piece of music, it resulted in an interesting and engaging dance sequence that effectively move the viewer emotionally and dramatically. Overall, dance and its development can always be credited to the political, social and cultural elements at work. Many a times, dance is a reaction toward the changes in these spheres that trigger an emotional and intellectual response. Through the film White Nights, the role of dance and power of dance is demonstrated through the believable and talented actors. With the help of a clever screenplay and cinematography, the effect of watching a dance piece in theatres is successfully translated on to the big screen, allowing the beautiful world of modern ballet and tap dancing to become accessible to an even wider range of audience. Using the dance pieces to develop characters and propel the plot, one might consider White Nights the modern cinematic take on Noverres concept of a ballet anchored upon a central theme and plot.

Promotional Strategies of Idbi Federal Life Insurance Essay

The paper deals with the study of the promotional strategies of IDBI federal life insurance co ltd vis-à  -vis its various competitors like LIC, SBI life, ICICI prudential, etc. The paper aims at the various promotional strategies adopted by the company to make information available, about its products, to its potential customers. The primary objective of the paper is to find out whether the current promotional strategies are effective enough in attracting customers, to find out what customers look for in a life insurance advertisement and to suggest the company as to what are the new sources through which it can advertise its products. The secondary objective is to find out whether the current marketing strategies are sufficient enough to capture the current market in the face of rising competition. The research methodology includes collection of primary data from people by interviewing them over phone, meeting them, getting their opinion through questionnaires, etc. as well as col lection of secondary data from internet, published articles, books, research reports and other sources. A Questionnaire was designed to collect information from the respondents about the awareness of the brand IDBI Federal and the data analysis was based on the information collected through the questionnaire. Data analyses were done through graphical representation and excel tools. The limitation faced was that it was confined to one area due to travelling constraints and time constraints. Overall the project has tried to maintain an accuracy of data so that unbiased responses may be recorded which will give a true picture of the respondents’ opinion and help the company in taking a proper decision as to the promotional strategies of the company. 2. Company profile IDBI Federal Life Insurance co Ltd (formerly known as IDBI Fortis Life Insurance) is a joint venture between three financial companies – development and commercial bank, IDBI Bank, India’s private sector bank, Federal Bank and European insurer Ageas (formerly Fortis), which was formed on March 2008 In this venture, IDBI Bank owns 48% equity while  Federal Bank and Ageas own 26% equity IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd.,(formerly IDBI Fortis Life Insurance) is a joint venture each. IDBI bank is a government owned bank started in 1964 as a subsidiary of RBI for providing institutional credit. It is known to be a bank for high end customers. In 2008 it changed its name to IDBI bank ltd. and entered into the retail segment. IDBI has more than 1500 branches across India. Federal bank is a scheduled commercial bank which was started in 1931. It has a strong base of NRI customers. It has a presence in both south and west. It was one of the first banks to start core banking. Federal bank has 1200 branches across India. Ageas is a Belgium-Dutch multinational insurance company. After its creation in 1990, Fortis expanded its offerings to include private and investment banking and asset management, establishing subsidiaries around the world. 3. Introduction 4.1 Introduction to the problem In the current scenario, Indian insurance companies have become competitive in nature and are providing appropriate distribution channels to get the maximum benefit and serve customers in manifold ways. Indian Insurance industry has big opportunity to expand, given the large population and untapped potential. The insurance market in India has witnessed dynamic changes including entry of a number of global insurers. Most of the private insurance companies are joint ventures with recognized foreign institutions across the globe. Saturation of markets in many developed economies has made the Indian market even more attractive for global insurance majors. The US$ 41 billion Indian industry is considered the fifth largest life insurance market, and is growing at a rapid pace of 32-34% annually, according to the Life Insurance Council. Innovative products, smart marketing, and aggressive distribution have enabled fledging private insurance companies to sign up Indian customers faster than anyone expected. Insurance products come in a variety of forms and are advertised and marketed using a variety of methods to entice customers. Thus insurance companies need to market their products because they are in competition with other insurers for the same customers. The only thing that distinguishes an insurance company’s products is the  price as well as the advertising message that it sends across to its customers. Thus the major area of concern of the study is how IDBI federal should distinguish itself in terms of reaching customers through various promotional strategies so that customers respond to the promotional strategies of the company Vis-à  -vis those of competitors. 4.2 Significance of the problem There are many players in the Indian Insurance Industry, each capturing sufficient market share of the total industry. In the Indian insurance sector, the market position of the incumbent, LIC, continues to dominate even 10 years after the opening up of the sector for private players. This puts the onus on the private sector players to differentiate themselves in terms of product innovation and customer servicing, so that they could grab a bigger share of the Indian insurance pie. As insurance is a ‘push’ rather than a ‘pull’ product, it is a big challenge for the companies to make their products meaningful to prospective customers. Companies should simplify insurance products and design the benefits so as to suit the specific needs of policyholders. A higher degree of transparency on policy terms will ensure that the customer understands the product and its benefits, minimizing fears of being cheated. It is therefore important for the industry to invest not just in expansion and distribution but also in client servicing and processing. Many customers are discouraged from buying insurance due to the anticipated complexity involved in settlement of claims. Insurance companies do assert that the competition in the industry is forcing them to speed up their claim processes, but the fact remains that a lot more needs to be done to make general insurance a hassle-free experience for the customers. Such things are very important to be communicated to the prospective customers so that they understand the products of the company and the benefits and features of the products. Thus promotion becomes very important for any IDBI federal to stand ahead of other players. 4.3 Important Observations IDBI Federal Life Insurance already has a strong distribution network of over 1477 branches through their partner banks. IDBI Federal has adopted various promotional strategies like commercial ads, print ads, events, personnel  selling, word of mouth, viral marketing, etc. The advertising focus of the company has therefore been the product rather than the corporate brand. TVC’s- The major promotion of IDBI federal is done through television commercials on sports channels. The TVC’s for IDBI Federal have been designed by Ogilvy and Mather. January, 2011: IDBI Federal Life recently launched three clutter breaking television commercials focusing on its frontline products – Wealthsurance and Incomesurance. The first advertisement reflects that the product is so great that whoever hears about it, buys it instantly and the second advertisement promises to be clear and transparent on the issue of returns in the investment product. IDBI Federal has also introduced two animation characters by the name of Happy and Lucky to promote the brand. The campaign revolves around the immense strength of the products and conveys the message: Anyone who hears about it buys it. The story board revolves around the most unexpected people in the most unexpected situations, hear about the product and buy it. * March, 2011: Through the example of a 60-year-old-son and his 90-year-old father, the insurance company, in its new campaign, reinforces the need to be financially secure post-retirement. Through the TVC, they wanted to explain the benefit of a tension-free life thanks to the pension plan. * August, 2011: The incomesurance TVC adds a comic touch to a series situation of family interview. The strategy for them was to drive home a practical and relevant message to the viewers. After sifting through many auditions, they singled out on a non-model/ non-celebrity talent to ensure that the slice-of-life situation came across as genuine and credible. The TVC went on air on 15th Aug, on the eve of Independence Day. The company’s fil ms are based on simple consumer insights that bring alive the core product benefits. * January, 2012: IDBI Federal Life Insurance has come up with a new campaign to promote its child insurance plans. The head of the Ad agency commented that in a world of goody-goody child plan advertising, they wanted to ensure that IDBI Federal’s Childsurance stood out. The senior vice-president of IDBI Federal said that choosing the right plan is very important today, given the rising inflation in education. Childsurance, with five unique features, can be the strong partner that parents seek to ensure that their children’s dreams come true, which has been captured in the ad campaign. Distributors- IDBI Federal has a strong network of distributors  who contribute a lot to the promotion of the products by word of mouth promotion. IDBI Federal has Bancassurance partnership with IDBI Bank and the Federal Bank and also distributes its products through its own network. To further diversify its distribution base, it has set up an Alternate & Direct Distribution channel. Management- IDBI federal life insurance co ltd leverages on its strong distribution network of promoters and advisors who have constantly revised the company’s product portfolio by adding on new products from time to time depending on the environment and needs of the customers. Partnerships- IDBI Federal Life Insurance, in partnership with SAMHITA Community Development Services, is engaged in financial literacy programs for the urban and rural poor in MP since 2011. The company has participated in a felicitating program organized by SAMHITA for women from slum dwelling households in Bhopal, who have successfully completed this financial literacy program in 2008, when it tied up with SAMHITA for providing low cost group coverage to the female members of SAMHITA under Group Microsurance. So far it has covered over 86,721 lives for a sum insured of Rs.66.7crores. IDBI Federal Life Insurance also offers the protection of Termsurance Grameen Suraksha to the family members of these people. Thus, this was a major step taken by IDBI federal for promoting its products in the rural areas. Web promotion- The TVC’s are uploaded in you tube. They have launched microsites for their ads. In addition, IDBI federal also planned to launch a viral in the digital space to create awareness about its products. Events- IDBI federal has tried to promote its products by conducting certain events. They organized the event Spelling Bee, which was a specially created spelling contest arranged to connect with children. The event was organized on children’s day, 2010 to coincide with the launch of childsurance. The spellings to be completed revolved around visual and verbal cues to words related to savings, money and finance. Viral marketing- â€Å"Boss-ka-Boss†, the viral flash film launched by IDBI federal for marketing its product online, made it very popular and was a good way to reach customers which could be viewed through You-tube. The film had also been adjudged for a special award under animation film category at the PR Council of India (PRCI). 4.4 Comments by the experts in the area Mr. Amish Tripathi, National Head – Marketing & Product Management, IDBI Federal Life Insurance said that â€Å"the critical objective for IDBI Federal is name recognition and a strong differentiator, and each of their products is designed to be unique and offer great value to the customers† He also said that, â€Å"they are happy to have a creative partner like Ogilvy & Mather that has been able to successfully convey the message.† According to Mr. Aneesh Khanna, Senior Vice President – Head – Marketing & Product Management, IDBI Federal Life Insurance, â€Å"the strategy for them was to drive home a practical and relevant message to the viewers. ‘Humoring’ the customer with a convincing, rational appeal has been the insurance venture’s style. Their films are based on simple consumer insights that bring alive the core product benefits. According to Amish Tripathi, there were clear guidelines that the commercials have to be funny and clutter-breaking when it comes to campaigns, as every second company sells the same proposition in the insurance sector. â€Å"Therefore, it is important to stand out from the rest,† according to Mr. Tripathi. Nitin Pradhan, executive creative director, Leo Burnett, says, â€Å"It’s a tongue-in-cheek take on retired life† which meant that it was very common for IDBI Federal to take old people in the retirement term advertisement. In 2010, when private life insurance companies were facing a decline in sales, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer GV Nageshwara Rao said that the company is in in the process of adjusting the products. They expected to plan a few revised guidelines on pension products, which they hoped would revive pension plans again. He said that the long-term solution is to increase productivity in a sustained manner. He also quoted that going ahead; the company would consider three segments — children, retirement and health. And the company kept up to its promises by coming up with childsurance, healthsurance and the retirement plans. Acknowledging the viral flash film awards, Mr. Amish Tripathi, National Head – Marketing and Product, IDBI Fortis, said that â€Å"it was a great honour for them for being bestowed with the special award. He also said that at IDBI Fortis, they believe in innovation and delivering unique and distinct  offerings. The company has tried to follow the same in their communication through the films. The prestigious awards were an encouragement for the team and they hope to get many more of these in the future†. 4.5 Previous work According to a journal, written by professors of VIT University, Vellore on the promotional strategies adopted by IDBI Federal life insurance co ltd, for the South- Asian journal of marketing and management research, we find the following recommendations given by them After analysis of data, they suggested the following points * Television is the best source for entertainment and gaining information. So it is the best media for promotion * People don’t give more importance to the advertisements while compared to brand name * Tax benefit, death benefit, security and low premium are the important components which people look for in an insurance product * The message and creativity is important for insurance product * The promotional efforts and word of mouth is most influencing while compared to internet * Advertisements play a major role in influencing a person to buy an insurance policy * Insurance companies don’t need a brand ambassador to endorse the product 4.6 Gaps in the problem of interest 4.7 Proposed Work * Amazing customer experiences are one of the most powerful tools in marketing strategy. In today’s market, when a company treats its clients better than kings and queens they will tell the whole world about the company through social networking sites or through word of mouth. * There are many opportunities for growing business. The company can get great PR in the newspaper, meet other local community members and business owners, and educate people about the values and benefits of insurance. * The company can promote its products through social networking sites such as Facebook, twitter and linked in or other popular sites where potential customers visit frequently like news channel sites. Customers who prefer to read news online will be able to notice the ads if the ads are put in such sites. * The best television marketing opportunities would be during programs  specifically aimed at the target prospects. The company can aim those channels which potential customers see reg ularly such as news channels or sports channels. * An important promotional strategy would be to roll out advertisements during cricket matches such as IPL or one day series which will gain a lot of popularity for the products as well as the company. * Another strategy is to host networking events so businesspeople can meet other businesspeople. Making as many contacts as possible and following up with people will assist insurance marketing with the help of referrals. * Online E-mail newsletters should be sent to customers on a regular basis so as to attract potential customers and retain existing clients. The newsletters will constantly remind the clients about the products and they will re-think over their decisions while investing in insurance products and will keep IDBI federal in mind. * The company can host seminars about financial planning, understanding insurance, saving money on insurance etc. * IDBI Federal’s sales people can go door to door talking about their products to potential customers. Many sales people can convince about their products to customers in such a way. * One more promotional strategy is advertising through hoardings and billboards in important public places like railway stations, airports, bus stands, restaurants, etc. * The last IDBI federal ad was released in 2012 and the frequency of the ads were also less. To increase visibility of the products, the company should advertise more frequently so that customers notice their products vis-à  -vis its competitors. * They can also advertise through various radio channels as more and more people are shifting from television to radio channels * The company can also go for celebrity endorsements as customers go for celebrity endorsed brands as they attach some value to the product when it is endorsed by any celebrity. 4. Objectives and importance of the study Product promotion is one of the major necessities for getting a company’s brand in front of the public and attracting new customers. Companies use different promotional strategies for different marketing purposes. The importance of the study lies in studying all promotional and marketing strategies followed by IDBI Federal, how effective are the strategies in  maintaining the existing customer base and attracting new customers, what do customers look for in the advertisements to go for a particular product, and are the promotional strategies effective as compared to other insurance companies. Primary objective * To find out whether the current promotional strategies are effective in attracting customers. * To find out what customers look for in a life insurance advertisement. * To suggest a new concept of promotion for the company depending on people’s awareness about the brand IDBI Federal life insurance co ltd Secondary objective * To find out the level of awareness of the brand IDBI Federal among people * To find out whether the current marketing strategies are sufficient or the company needs to increase promotion in order to capture market. 5. Methodology Primary data: collecting data from people by interviewing them through phone, meeting them through questionnaires, during the time of sales etc. Secondary data: gathering data from internet and television, published articles, books, research reports and other sources. The sample size is 100 and the sampling unit is office going people who have either joined recently or who have been working for quite a few years. The research is carried out in Cuttack, Orissa where the sample is a representative portion of the population of the state. Both open ended and close ended questions are used in the design of the questionnaire so as to know the opinion of customers relating to insurance and awareness about the brand IDBI federal and how they respond to the marketing stimuli adopted by the company. The type of questionnaire used in this project is structured. The questions are listed in a prearranged order and respondents are informed about the purpose of collecting information. The type of sampling is convenient sampling. The methodology adopted for sales was to visit office going people with a  permanent income and explain them about the products of IDBI Federal life insurance co ltd.